"When I see you I prostrate myself before you and your words, seeing the astral house of the virgin, in fact, the sky is for your every act Hypatia sacred beauty of the word, a star of the wise pristine culture. "
(PD)
Hypatia (Hypatia) of Alexandria was the first woman to make a substantial contribution to the development of the daughter of the mathematician and matematica.Era philosopher Theon of Alexandria and is almost certain that she studied mathematics under the guidance and instruction of his father. Rather, it is important to note that Hypatia became head of the Platonic school in Alexandria, Here in about 400 AD, he gave lessons in mathematics and philosophy, in particular teaching the philosophy of Neoplatonism. Hypatia based his teachings on those of Plato, the founder of Neoplatonism, and Iamblichus, who was a developer of Neoplatinismo, who lived around 300 dCPlatone teaches that there is an ultimate reality, which was beyond the reach of thought or speech. The purpose of life is to aim at this ultimate reality that can not be described accurately. Plato put emphasis on the fact that people do not have the mental capacity necessary to fully understand both the ultimate reality, and the consequences of its existence. Iamblichus distinguished further away layers of reality, placed in a hierarchy beneath the ultimate reality. There was a level of reality corresponding to every single thought, which the human mind was capable. Hypatia taught these philosophical ideas with an emphasis on scientific greater than the followers of Neoplatinismo. In fact it is described by all commentators as a teacher very carismatica.Insegnò mathematics, philosophy, astronomy and mechanics, and his house became an intellectual center. None of his writings (born as texts for students) has been preserved intact, however it seems that part of his work has been incorporated in the works of Theon. He became interested in the study of conics and wrote a collection of tables on celestial bodies. Hypatia became interested also of mechanics and technology, designed scientific instruments including a flat astrolabe, an instrument to measure the water level, an apparatus for distillation and a brass hydrometer for determining the gravity (density) of a liquid.
There is no evidence that Hypatia has undertaken a mathematical research originale.Comunque, she saw her father, Theon of Alexandria, in writing his commentary, in eleven parts on 'Ptolemy's Almagest. It is also believed that she has assisted her father in the production of a new version of Euclid's Elements, which became the basis for all subsequent editions of the works of Euclid. Heath writes on the edition of Theon and Hypatia of The Elements:
"... while the others were only trivial additions to the content of The Elements, he tried to remove the difficulties which might be encountered dailettori during the study of the book as a modern publisher would examine a classic textbook for school use, and there is no dubbioche his edition was approved by its students of Alexandria, for whom it was written, as well as by the Greeks, who used almost exclusively that ... "In addition to
work with his father, Hypatia wrote commentaries on Diophantus's Arithmetic, on the Conics of Apollonius and Ptolemy's astronomical works, although some historians doubt that Hypatia has written commentaries on Ptolemy. Hypatia
symbolized the doctrine and science, which early Christians identified with paganism. However, among men who taught in Alexandria, there were many Christian important. One of the most famous is Synesius of Cyrene, who became, later, the Bishop of Ptolemais. Many of the letters he wrote to Hypatia Synesius were preserved and we know that many were filled with admiration and reverence for his knowledge and his scientific skills.
In 412, Cyril (later St Cyril) became patriarch of Alexandria, while the Roman prefect of Alexandria was Orestes. Cyril and Orestes became bitter political rivals as church and state, fighting for control of territory. Hypatia was a friend of Orestes, and this, together with the effect that the Christians had towards his philosophical point of view, made it the focal point of riots between Christians and non-Christians. Hypatia, Heath writes,:
"... by ... his eloquence and authority gained such influence that Christianity considered it a threat ..."
"... while the others were only trivial additions to the content of The Elements, he tried to remove the difficulties which might be encountered dailettori during the study of the book as a modern publisher would examine a classic textbook for school use, and there is no dubbioche his edition was approved by its students of Alexandria, for whom it was written, as well as by the Greeks, who used almost exclusively that ... "In addition to
work with his father, Hypatia wrote commentaries on Diophantus's Arithmetic, on the Conics of Apollonius and Ptolemy's astronomical works, although some historians doubt that Hypatia has written commentaries on Ptolemy. Hypatia
symbolized the doctrine and science, which early Christians identified with paganism. However, among men who taught in Alexandria, there were many Christian important. One of the most famous is Synesius of Cyrene, who became, later, the Bishop of Ptolemais. Many of the letters he wrote to Hypatia Synesius were preserved and we know that many were filled with admiration and reverence for his knowledge and his scientific skills.
In 412, Cyril (later St Cyril) became patriarch of Alexandria, while the Roman prefect of Alexandria was Orestes. Cyril and Orestes became bitter political rivals as church and state, fighting for control of territory. Hypatia was a friend of Orestes, and this, together with the effect that the Christians had towards his philosophical point of view, made it the focal point of riots between Christians and non-Christians. Hypatia, Heath writes,:
"... by ... his eloquence and authority gained such influence that Christianity considered it a threat ..."
In March 415, on the order of Cyril of Alexandria, a group of Christian fanatics surprised the philosopher as he returned home, pulled off the stretcher, dragged her into the church built on Cesareion and brutally killed, skinned up bones (according to some sources using ostrakois - literally "oyster shells," but the term was also used to indicate tiles or fragments), and dragging the remains in a place called Cinarion, where they were bruciati.Sono been made various assumptions about the motive of the Christians, the most plausible set forth by various historians, states that the indirect cause was the third of the 391 edict of Emperor Theodosius I, which in practice favored legalizing the persecution and anti-pagan, who obviously intensified, many faithful Christians heard Theodosius authorized by law to initiate a real manhunt in an attempt to physically eliminate the pagans and destruction of their temples. At that time the bishop of Alexandria Teofilo was: he began a long and violent campaign of destruction of temples. In particular, it was besieged by the Christians the Temple of Serapis (a temple dedicated to Serapis, Egyptian god greek-which combines Zeus and Osiris). Bishop Theophilus and the Prefect Evagrius, along with the men of the garrison, he began the work of demolition. Bishop Theophilus wanted to set a good example for the first hitting the colossal statue of the god Serapis. Adjacent to the temple there was the library of Serapeion, the younger of the two of Alexandria (the other was the famous library of the Museum) that was set on fire by soldiers encouraged by Christians. Theophilus died in 412 and his responsibility passed to his nephew Cyril (of which was his uncle Theophilus), which became among other things, the Patriarch of Alexandria. As mentioned above, the prefect of Alexandria had contrast with Orestes and Cyril was a friend of Hypatia: this would cost him dear friends uncomfortable during the worst of the repression. Many argue that Bishop Cyril was responsible for this shameful act because it "could not know." According to some, Cyril was opposed to this barbaric act, but according to others he was the instigator of the murder. In any case, everything that happened during the reign of the minor Theodosius II (ruled by Pulcheria sister), so should be around 415 to the Common Era.
After the death of his faithful students fled Hypatia of Alexandria, thereby leaving the city its destination: the world famous Egyptian consequently lost its characteristic as a city of culture.
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